Relationships in working with young people Essay

Relationships in working with young people - Essay Example Many organisations have been on the forefront in ensuring this is a prevalent occasion as it cements the functionality of the same organisation. For instance, this project was developed to assist the youth in the working environment (The factory sequence 3: Paul’s perspective, 3’00’’). This was to improve their working environment and ensure they are comfortable with what was offered. In making this a reality, the project manager approached working youth and engaged the youth in lengthy talks. This was initiated to get information on what they needed and how they wanted it. Therefore, it openly states that communication was an ideal aspect in getting to know what the youth need in the working environment. There are many issues youth have to deal with, including employment. This is an issue that is affecting a number of families in the society. To save the situation, youths have to look for other avenues of looking for employment. This includes the informal sector, where youths have to start working to support their families. Aggressive and creative youths have to look for employment in supporting their younger siblings. This includes fending for their food, clothing, and getting enough cash to send them to school. In most cases, youths of age 16 and 17 have to look for employment to get more resources. ... In some instances, youths save enough cash and pursue their higher education later in life. This means that all is not lost, especially when youths have networks and can make strong relationships in the informal sector. Building a relationship with the youth does not cost a lot in terms of money. When building a relationship with the youth, you only need to engage in dialogue, talk about issues and make lasting friendship (The factory sequence 2: Kawsar’s perspective, 00’04’’). This is done on a frequent basis where the youth meet, exchange ideas and make decisions. This does not involve use of resources as it is a social activity. However, the issue of resources chips in when they have to make a project from their ideas. In such a case, the only resource that is spent is time. The youth have to spare enough time to relate, talk, dialogue and exchange ideas with other youth. As much as a project is in the offing, the youth will have a stronger bond and rel ationship. In making a strong relationship with the youth in the streets and factories, the project initiators engaged in frequent talks. These lively talks made a concrete bond between the youth and the project initiators. Since they communicated on a frequent basis, they gathered substantial information that could be used in developing the project. The relationship between the youth and the project initiators was enhanced by an agreement point. This is where the project initiators respected the needs of the youth and had to make better ways of giving the youths what they need. In continuous interaction with the youth, the project initiators discovered that the youth had wider perspectives

Diagnosing Diabetes Mellitus

Diagnosing Diabetes Mellitus Introduction In this practical, enzymatic assays were used to determine the glucose concentration of patients in plasma samples. The use of enzymes as a marker for analytical analysis of plasma samples are very reliable due to the high specificity, reproducibility and sensitivity of enzyme assays (glucose HK assay kit). The first assay used is a glucose oxidase assay, this assay measures the glucose levels in plasma by using enzymes such as glucose oxidase to catalyse the oxidation of D-glucose which is present in plasma into D-Gluconic acid. The reaction is coupled to another chemical reaction where a reduced form of o-Diansidine is oxidised to an oxidised form of o-diansidine. This occurs in combination with a formation of hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide is then broken down and reacts with H2SO4 to form a coloured compound that can be spectrophotometrically detected at a wavelength of 540nm. Another popular glucose measuring assay is the hexokinase assay. This assay catalyses the phosphorylation of glucose present in the sample in presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) by using hexokinase to form glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). G6P is then oxidised in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) to form 6-phospho-gluconate, this reaction is catalysed by the presence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH). While this reaction is undergoing, the NAD is reduced to NADH. This creates a colorimetric signal that can be detected at a wavelength of 340nm by a spectrophotometer. These assays are two of many assays used to measure glucose in patients. They are commonly used to determine if the patient is diabetic or for routine uses to monitor patients who are already diagnosed with diabetes. Glucose Oxidase assay Materials Pipette and tips Eppendorf tubes Potassium phosphate Glucose oxidase (1U/ µl) Peroxidase (0.01U/ µl) O-Diansidine hydrochloride Patient samples x6 (2 for each patient) Stop solution (Sulphuric acid H2SO4) 96 well plate Plate reader Method Firstly, 3ml of glucose oxidase reagent was prepared by adding 60 µl of glucose oxidase, 30 µl of peroxidase and 60 µl of o-diansidine hydrochloride in 2,85 ml of 0.1 potassium phosphate to create a solution at a pH of 7.5. Calculations: Glucose Oxidase (1U/ µl) => (1000 U/ml)/(20 U/ml) =50 (3ml)/50=0.06ml =60 µl Peroxidase (0.01 U/ µl) => (10 U/ml)/(0.1 U/ml) = 100 (3ml)/100 =0.03ml =30 µl O-Diansidine hydrochloride => 1:50 dilution needed 3ml=3000 µl 3000/50=60 µl Then, a set of 6 standards were prepared by diluting a 0.1M stock glucose solution in water as followed: Table 1. Preparation of standards volumes Final concentration (mM) 0.1 stock glucose solution ( µl) Purified water ( µl) 0 0 200 5 10 190 10 20 180 15 30 170 20 40 160 25 50 150 Then, 50 µl of the samples (provided) and standards were added in duplicate on a 96 well plate as shown below (See Table 2.). Table 2. 96 well plate distribution 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 A 25 QC4 Patient 1 T=1 Patient 2 T=1 Patient 3 T=1 25 QC4 Patient 1 T=1 Patient 2 T=1 Patient 3 T=1 B 20 QC7 Patient1 T=2 Patient 2 T=2 Patient 3 T=2 20 QC7 Patient 1 T=2 Patient 2 T=2 Patient 3 T=2 C 15 QC11 15 QC11 D 10 10 E 5 5 F 0 0 Then 100 µl of the assay reagent prepared earlier was added to each well. After 30 minutes of incubation at 37 °C, the reaction was stopped by adding 100 µl of sulphuric acid to each well. The plate was then read at 540nm on a plate reader. Results After reading the plate at 540nm on the plate reader, the following results were obtained: Table 3. Sample Absorbance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 A 0.640 0.126 0.160 0.099 0.087 0.686 0.129 0.082 0.090 0.093 B 0.545 0.193 0.141 0.139 0.087 0.567 0.204 0.176 0.113 0.041 C 0.442 0.266 0.410 0.303 0.104 D 0.261 0.283 E 0.193 0.144 F 0.049 0.048 Results highlighted in red were omitted from further calculations due to preparation errors. 200 µl instead of 100  µl of assay reagent was added to well A9, this diluted the signal creating an inaccurate result. The well was re-prepared in well C9 but the time interval between the substrate and stop solution was unequal to the duplicate in well A3, therefore, the result of well C9 was omitted from further calculations. Finally, the result of well B11 was omitted from further calculations since the assay reagent was not added to the well, therefore there was no chemical reaction (same value as blank). Table 4. Standard Absorbance Standards (mM) 0.000 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000 Absorbance Date: 25/01/2017 0.049 0.144 0.291 0.442 0.545 0.640 Date: 25/01/2017 0.048 0.193 0.283 0.410 0.567 0.686 Mean 0.049 0.169 0.287 0.426 0.556 0.663 Standard deviation (n=2) 0.001 0.035 0.006 0.023 0.016 0.033 CV % (n=2) 1.458 20.563 1.971 5.312 2.798 4.906 Table 5. Standards mean absorbance recapitulative Standards Concentration (mM) Abs 1 0 0.049 2 5 0.169 3 10 0.287 4 15 0.426 5 20 0.556 6 25 0.663 A standard curve can be plotted using the results generated by the wells containing the standards. Figure 1. Standard curve of the Absorbance versus concentration The precision of the standard curve can be determined by calculating the coefficient of variation (CV% where CV=standard deviation (SD)/mean) for each standard as shown below: Figure 2. Comparison of the coefficients of variations percentages of the standard duplicates          Results are usually rejected if the difference in values is greater than 20% for more than 75% of the calibration standards. In this case, the precision of the curve is acceptable since all the CVs of the points (except from 1) are below 20 % (EMEA or Desilva). The accuracy and the precision can be further analysed by the quality controls (QCs) which were ran in duplicate on the plate. Table 6. Quality control results Absorbance Results QC (4 mM) QC (7 mM) QC (11 mM) 0.126 0.193 0.266 0.129 0.204 0.303 Mean 0.128 0.199 0.285 Standard deviation (n=2) 0.002 0.008 0.026 CV % (n=2) 1.664 3.918 9.196 As shown above, the CVs of the QCs are below 20% meaning that the precision of the duplicates is acceptable. By extrapolating the mean absorbance from the QCs, the corresponding concentrations can be determined. QC performances are determined by calculating the precision and accuracy of these. The precision is determined as a CV% (CV%, where CV = SD/mean) and the accuracy as absolute bias (% RE, where relative error [RE] = [measured value actual value]/ actual value). If these are between  ±20% ( ±25% for low QC and high QC) and the target total error (sum of these two values) is below 30% (40% for low QC and high QC), then the results generated from the standard curve are acceptable (De silva EMEA). Table 7. Quality control precision and accuracy QC (4 mg/ml) QC (7 mg/ml) QC (11 mg/ml) Absorbance 0.128 0.199 0.285 Concentration 3.29 6.13 9.57 CV % (n=2) 2.595 5.092 10.958 Bias % 17.8583547 12.48608 13.03319986 Total error 20.453 17.578 23.992 Following the results shown above, it can be determined that the precision and accuracy of the results are acceptable for each control. Once this has been determined, the results generated from the samples can be analysed reliably. Finally, by extrapolating the absorbance generated from the samples on the standard curve, a corresponding concentration can be determined as shown below: Table 8. Sample results Patient1(t=1) Patient 1 (t=2) Patient 2 (t=1) Patient 2 (t=2) Patient 3 (t=1) Patient 3 (t=2) absorbance 0.130 0.159 0.095 0.126 0.09 0.087 Concentration (nM) 3.37 4.53 1.97 3.21 1.77 1.65 Hexokinase assay Due to time constraints, the hexokinase assay was not performed. Despite this, some results were provided to determine the glucose concentrations of the 3 patients. Results Table 9. Standards, quality controls and samples results provided Standards: Glucose concentration mM Absorbance 0 0.048 5 0.154 10 0.366 15 0.496 20 0.725 25 0.854 Samples and quality controls: Sample Absorbance IQC1 0.162 IQC2 0.260 IQC3 0.393 Patient 1 sample 1 0.269 Patient 1 sample 2 0.411 Patient 2 sample 1 0.196 Patient 2 sample 2 0.303 Patient 3 sample 1 0.206 Patient 3 sample 2 0.236 A standard curve can be plotted using the standard results provided: Figure 3. Standard curve of absorbance over concentration By extrapolating the absorbance from the quality controls and samples, the corresponding concentrations can be determined as shown below: Table 10. Quality control results QC (4) QC (7) QC (11) Absorbance 0.162 0.26 0.393 Concentration (nM) 4.27 7.16 11.10 Bias % 6.68430505 2.347304 0.871558008 The bias calculated is within the 20% range meaning that the assay is accurate and the results generated are validated. Finally, by extrapolating the provided absorbance of the samples on the standard curve, a corresponding concentration can be determined. Table 11. Sample results Patient1 (t=1) Patient 1 (t=2) Patient 2 (t=1) Patient 2 (t=2) Patient 3 (t=1) Patient 3 (t=2) absorbance 0.269 0.411 0.196 0.303 0.206 0.236 Concentration (nM) 7.43 11.63 5.27 8.44 5.57 6.45 Discussion The results obtained by the glucose oxidase assay are very different from the hexokinase assay, even though the accuracy and precision of both assays are acceptable. Meaning that there must have been an error in preparation of the samples, standards or controls of one of these assays. It has been predetermined that a preanalytical error was made during the storage of the patient samples prior to their use in the glucose oxidase assay. The samples were thawed and not kept on ice which degraded the samples, this explains the low values for the patient concentrations.   Due to the abnormal results obtained in the glucose oxidase assay (t=1 and t=2 decrease in glucose concentrations for patient 3), the results were omitted from further clinical interpretation. The results provided in the hexokinase assay seem to be more correct (increase in glucose concentrations from t=1 to t=2). Taking this into account, the results obtained from the hexokinase assay were used for the clinical interp retation of the patients. The paired samples which were ran on the assays were samples collected during a glucose tolerance test.   A glucose tolerance test (commonly called GTT or OGTT) is performed on a patient to help diagnose diabetes. It is used to help diagnose disorders such as pre-diabetes, insulin resistance, gestational diabetes (for pregnant women) and reactive hypoglycaemia for example. The test involves the administration of a glucose dose (usually 75g in liquid form) to a fasting patient. Blood is taken before the ingestion of the dose and 2 hours later. The results from the blood glucose levels help determine glucose disorders(ref). GTT is a widely-used tool for diagnosing gestational diabetes. It is offered to women who are 24-28 weeks pregnant and present a risk factors such as an elevated BMI, family history of diabetes or a previous pregnancy of a large baby. Patient 1 is a 36-year-old female who is 28 weeks pregnant. She was offered a routine GTT following the last pregnancy since the baby was large. Her fasting glucose was 7.43 mmol/L and her blood glucose levels after 2 hours was 11.6mmol/L. In the UK, according to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines, a fasting glucose greater than 5.6 mmol/L and/or a 2-hour blood glucose level greater than 7.8mmol/L for pregnant women is considered diagnostic for gestational diabetes (NICE guidleines). Therefore, the patient in question is diagnosed with gestational diabetes. Patient 2 is a 67 year old female, she was referred for a GTT following the results of her fasting plasma glucose to be 5.6mmol/L at a routine GP check-up. According to the results from the hexokinase assay, her fasting glucose was 5.27mmol/L and her 2-hour plasma glucose levels were 8.44mmol/L. These results indicate that the patient has an impaired glucose tolerance (fasting glucose less than 7mmol/L and 2-hour plasma level between 7.8 and 11.1mmol/L). This diagnosis is given when the results do not indicate diabetes but are still abnormal. Further check-ups need to be planned to routinely check for diabetes. Patient 3 is a 24 year old male. He is affected by cystic fibrosis which requires annual pancreatic function tests such as GTTs. His fasting blood glucose levels were 5.57mmol/L and the 2-hour blood glucose levels were 6.45mmol/L following these results it is safe to say that this patient is healthy (fasting plasma levels less than 5.5mmol/L and plasma glucose levels at 2-hours less than 7.8mmol/L). Conclusion By using an enzyme assay, blood glucose levels from patients can be monitored. These assays are reliable due to the specificity, reproducibility and sensitivity of the enzymes. By measuring the glucose levels of samples before and after the administration of an oral dose of glucose, the results can help diagnose several types of diabetes such as gestational diabetes in pregnant women. There are a variety of available assays that can measure glucose from serum samples, but they all function on the same principle of catalysing a reaction to produce a detectable signal that is correlated to a concentration. The use of internal quality controls is an indispensable way of testing the reliability of the results.

College :: essays papers

College I am studying at the college of Staten Island for an undergraduate computer science degree. Combined with my microcomputer applications diploma from St. Catherine's Business College in Ontario, this will qualify me for work in the business world. I am skilled in computer applications, programming, hardware configuring, connection, repair, and training non-computer personnel. I graduated from St. Catherine's in 1996, but did not seek work. Instead, I got married, settled with my husband in New York, and began to extend my education. I came to CSI hoping to learn more sophisticated programming and hardware design in order to expand my knowledge of commercial software application that I learned in Business College. I feel that with this knowledge, I would be better prepared to obtain the type of employment I would be seeking in the future. After graduation, I want to find employment at a small, dynamic company that is just setting up its computer system, or redesigning or reconfiguring its system. At a large company, I believe, I would find myself part of a large computer staff, doing the same few things over and over. On the business scale, in a large company, one works on the computer aspects of a small corner of that company, and it is hard to get a sense of the business purposes of one's work. I may be quite unhappy in a small corner of a large company, sitting in front of a screen all day entering codes and setting up scripts, and interacting with very few people. I would probably not stay in such a job very long. At a small company, on the other hand, one ends up doing a little bit of everything. One learns not only about the computer aspects of the company, but even about its business operations. Insofar as I would someday like to go into computer consulting, or even some sort of entrepreneurship of my own, such small business experience is much more valuable, I believe. It would be especially nice if it was a small company that was using computers in a creative way. A small graphics design, advertising, or architectural firm would have fascinating, cutting edge uses of computers in visual design. For example, an architectural firm would use computers to design buildings, colleges and houses. An advertising agency would use this technology to design their newspaper advertisements and television commercials. The ideal thing for me in such a company would be to start out as an assistant to the person in charge of all the information technology, and eventually,

Amazon.Com Supply Chain Management

Running head: Amazon. com Supply Chain Project Amazon. com Supply Chain Project Jarrel Nightingale [email  protected] edu Capella University BUS3004: Supply Chain Management Professor Dr. Robert Goldwasser December 10, 2012 Amazon. com Supply Chain Project Introduction In today’s society, Online Shopping and the industry of e-commerce has become very popular and mainstream. Many individuals have integrated online shopping into their normal routine and have replaced traditional shopping altogether.Online shopping has become so popular, there has been a shopping holiday called â€Å"Cyber Monday† which is the equivalent to â€Å"Black Friday. † Traditional brick and mortar retail stores are now forced to offer their products online in order to remain competitive. This is a new position for most businesses to be in, so businesses are forced to make the necessary adjustments to conform to the consumers’ demands. Complying with the demands of technology has b ecome a problem for some of the smaller businesses due to the lack of resources and infrastructure to produce these changes.Amongst the many online retailers that have emerged, Amazon. com has set itself apart as the industry leader in Online E-commerce. Since 1994, Amazon. com has built a successful empire that has become the default name for when one thinks about buying anything online. Through their documented success, Amazon. com has created the blueprint for those to follow in order to become a successful Online Retailer. In this assignment, I will discuss Amazon. com as it relates to their success and the structure of its company.Business Model Amazon. com sells books, music, and other items over the Internet and is one of the pioneers of consumer e-business. Amazon, based in Seattle, started by filling all orders using books purchased from a distributor in response to customer orders. This practice differs from that of a traditional bookstore, which usually purchases directly from publishers and stocks books in anticipation of customer orders. In 2008, Amazon had eight warehouses in the U. S. and another fifteen in the rest of the world.Amazon stocks many books, though it still gets other titles from distributors or publishers. It uses the U. S. Postal Service and other package carriers such as UPS and FedEx to send books to customers. Amazon has continued to expand the set of products that it sells online. Besides books and music, Amazon has added many product categories such as toys, apparel, electronics, jewelry, and shoes. (Chopra, et. Al, 2012) In addition to adding more products, the strategy of Amazon. com is technology based as it relates to consumer demand.Amazon's supply chain is so tightly integrated that when an online customer buys a couple of books and a CD, the order-management system communicates with inventory- and warehouse-management systems to find the optimal distribution center or centers for fulfilling the order. The customer know s in less than a minute how long it will take to ship the items and whether they will come in one package or separately (Bacheldor, 2004). Global Challenges Unlike most companies, Amazon. com has positioned itself to remain competitive in the national and global markets as well.Shipping is one of the most main expenses of e-commerce and shipping internationally can be a lengthy and expensive process. As mentioned earlier, Amazon. com has built new warehouses and changed the markets supplied by each warehouse as its customer base has grown. Currently there are 15 warehouses in total; 8 of those are located in the United States and the other 7 are located internationally. As a result, it has lowered shipping costs and improved responsiveness (Chopra, et. Al, 2012).There is a trade off because inventory and facility costs increase as the number of facilities in the supply chain increase; and transportation costs decrease as the number of facilities increase. The functionality of its te chnology is also designed to help with reducing costs so that transportation costs stay at a point where operating globally is still achievable. Amazon. com’s supply chain management applications communicate in real time when an order is placed and assigns shipping warehousing and cost based on location (Bacheldor, 2004).When the average company ships internationally the response time is typically in excess of 14 days and the cost to expedite takes any potential savings from purchasing online go away. Importance of Aggregate Planning Amazon. com is beginning to aggregate other e-commerce that are linked via strategic placement and investments. The vision is to make it so customers don’t have to go elsewhere to shop very often especially online (Scally, 2000). The reputation it has is so strong that any association with Amazon. com helps create an impression of validity and success for anyone that chooses to partner with them.Amazon has one of the most-sophisticated sup ply-chain systems in the world, and it was all built from scratch. Homemade applications handle nearly every aspect of its supply chain: warehouse management, transportation management, inbound and outbound shipping, demand forecasts, inventory planning, and more. In the last four years, Amazon has worked to minimize the need for human intervention in its supply-chain processes, such as manually inputting sales forecasts into an inventory-management system (Bacheldor, 2004).Today, Amazon's supply-chain apps communicate in real time, a rarity when most companies have to integrate a variety of software tools and manual processes, such as phone and fax orders. Ultimately, the goal is to try to â€Å"touch† every type of transaction on the web dealing with e-commerce and to integrate with business partners to enhance the online shopping experience (Scally, 2000). Many traditional brick and mortar stores are affiliating themselves with Amazon in order to gain online presence and s ell its merchandise online. This is a mutual benefit as it allows Amazon to continue to diversify its products.Role of Demand Forecasting and Pricing Promotions To achieve strategic fit, a firm must tailor its supply chain to best meet the needs of different customer segments. To retain strategic fit, supply chain strategy must be adjusted over the life cycle of a product and as the competitive landscape changes. Future risks, uncertainties, and environmental concerns must be accounted for when firms design their supply chain strategy. Customers ordering a book at Amazon. com are willing to wait longer than those who drive to a nearby Borders store to get the same book.In contrast, customers can find a much larger variety of books at Amazon compared to the Borders store. Thus, Amazon customers trade off fast response times for high levels of variety (Chopra, et. Al, 2012). Amazon offers its customers a large menu of prices for products that are purchased from the company. For exampl e, a person purchasing two books worth $30 could use standard shipping (ships in 3–5 business days) at a cost of $4. 98, two-day shipping (ships in 2 business days) at a cost of $13. 97, one-day shipping (ships in 1 business day) at a cost of $22. 97 or use free shipping (ships in 7–14 business days).The pricing menu allows Amazon to attract customers with varying levels of desired responsiveness (Chopra, et. Al, 2012). Whereas customers paying for one-day shipping impose a high degree of uncertainty on Amazon, customers opting for free shipping can be used to level out the workload at the warehouse over time. Amazon can thus use its pricing to provide responsiveness to those who value it while using customers who want a low price to help it improve its efficiency. Amazon also uses pricing effectively to shift some of the Christmas peak to November, by offering free or discounted shipping.The discount moves some of the December demand forward, allowing it to reduce its December peak and improve its efficiency without giving up on responsiveness for those customers who do not want to order earlier. Conclusion Since 1994, Amazon. com has built a successful empire that has become the default name for when one thinks about buying anything online. Through their documented success, Amazon. com has created the blueprint for those to follow in order to become a successful Online Retailer. By offering a vast variety of products, Amazon has changed the way many consumers shop for our merchandise.In addition to more options, the prices are often times cheaper even though the merchandise ordered is always shipped from a different location. What Amazon started in 1994 has now been revolutionized as Amazon continues to find ways to better the merchandise, the technology involved, and most important the customer experience. References Anonymous. 1998. IceGroup Releases Amazon. com Analysis . PR Newswire, Retrieved from www. lexisnexis. com/hottopics/lnacademic Bacheldor, B. (2004). FROM SCRATCH: Amazon keeps supply chain close to home. InformationWeek, (979), 40-40.Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/229180916? accountid=27965 Chopra, Sunil, Meindl, Peter. (05/2012). Supply Chain Management, 4/e for Capella University, 4th Edition. Pearson Learning Solutions. Scally, R. (2000). Amazon. com: The force that's altering e-tail, one category at a time. DSN Retailing Today, 39(9), 42-44+. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/228466615? accountid=27965 Willis, C. (1998, Apr 06). Does amazon. com really matter? Forbes, , 55-58. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/195047045? accountid=27965

Representative Charles Rangel of New York

In attempting to scare American at the thought of going to war with Iraq, Representative Charles Rangel of New York proposed a bill to reinstate the military draft. His purpose was not to argue the draft itself, but to make Americans aware of the perils of going to war and the inequity in the current military. Ironically, four years later, the war is a reality, and so is the draft. Reinstating the military draft will serve the US’s failing military both abroad and at home.First of all, the draft in the 21st century would need to be fair. Many people fear the draft because it is well known that the lower socioeconomic levels and minorities are disproportionately represented in the fighting military today. As a matter of fact, more than 30 percent of the nation’s military is made up of minorities (Rangel Introduces a Bill to Reinstate Draft, 2003). The new draft would make everyone between the ages of 20 to 26 (or perhaps as young as 18 and as old as 28) register and serv e.Thus, the draft is perceived as more fair. â€Å"One reason more young people don't serve now is the fear that while they're wearing the uniform, their peers will be out having fun and getting a leg up in their careers. If everyone were required to serve, no one would feel like a sucker† (Moskos and Glastris, 2001). However, the idea of sending every college aged kid overseas to carry a gun is an outdated vision of the draft. Nowadays, the military needs more than just ‘professional soldiers.’ Plenty of duties are available for those draftees (and volunteers) that are made available with the draft. As Moskos and Glastris (2001) note, we are now dealing with a â€Å"shadowy enemy† rather than an obvious platoon of marching troops. The new enemy is everywhere – terrorism. â€Å"That terrorists might poison municipal water supplies, spray anthrax from crop dusters, or suicidally infect themselves with small pox and stroll through busy city streets, is no longer considered farfetched.That we might need to draft some of our people to counter these threats—now that's considered farfetched, to the extent that it's considered at all† (Moskos and Glastris, 2001). Fighting this war will take more manpower than the United States currently has. This manpower will not necessarily be in trenches or tanks. They will be doing duties that many Americans do not realizes are needed.These jobs include federal armed personnel to â€Å"guard dams, nuclear power plants, sports complexes, and U. S. embassies abroad; more border patrol and customs agents to keep terrorists and their weapons from entering the country; more INS agents track down immigrants who have overstayed their visas; more coast guard personnel to inspect ships; more air marshals to ride on passenger jets; and more FBI agents to uncover terrorist cells still operating within and outside our borders†¦border guards, customs agents, anthrax inoculators, or disaste r-relief specialists (Moskos and Glastris, 2001).None of these jobs require tactical war skills. In addition, many individuals do not understand the in a perfect situation, troops would not serve for such long terms. Now, with the shortage of soldiers in Iraq, many troops are being redeployed two and three times. A draft would solve this problem. In Bosnia or Kosovo, the average time of deployment was only six months (Moskos and Glastris, 2001).The short duration for draftees would be less daunting than the burden the current military is bearing. The idea of the draft of previous decades is not the same draft as the one of this era simply because the war landscape is different. Fairly distributing the burden and reducing terms is one difference that many will notice. In addition, these individuals will serve at duties not necessarily on the front lines, but in positions of homeland security due to the new type of war on terror.With the guarantee that all will serve in a way that is appropriate for them, people have a better chance of becoming that a draft is necessary to continue the freedoms that all Americans enjoy. References Moskos, C. & Glastris, P. (2001). Now Do You Believe We Need A Draft? Washington Monthly 4 June 2007 from http://www. washingtonmonthly. com/features/ 2001/0111. moskos. glastris. html Rangel Introduces a bill to reinstate draft. (2003). CNN. Com Inside Politics. Retrieved 4 June 2007 from http://www. cnn. com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/01/07/rangel. draft/